Yes, if you are setting physical ports to a VLAN, then they are acting like a physically different switch on those ports. So attaching another physical switch to one of those ports would make it a switch on that VLAN.

@scottalanmiller said in Windows Firewall with Advanced Security - CompTIA A+ 220-1002 Prof Messer: @JaredBusch well it's good to be explicit that Windows Defender and Windows Defender Firewall are two different products. But also Windows Firewall isn't a real name, either. Windows Defender Firewall is the name of the Windows firewall. So using "Windows Firewall" or "firewall by Windows Defender" are essentially the same - lose descriptions of the brand name. All make sense. Good to remember that the pieces are discrete. The best full statement is "the Windows firewall is Windows Defender Firewall." True, but until Windows 10, it was simply called Windows Firewall. So that is a correct legacy term. Vista introduced the longer term Windows Firewall with Advanced Security in the MMC snap in. It stayed those two terms until Windows 10.

@mary said in Network Command Line Tools - CompTIA A+ 220-1002 Prof Messer: Is it ok to have any packet loss when pinging another computer? It's not a crime or anything There is always "some" packet loss, but in a healthy network it is super low, like one out of one hundred thousands packets. If you are doing a ping and seeing packets missed regularly, something is wrong. On a wired network, this implies bad equipment, cabling, or EM interference. On wireless it means your signal isn't clean. Obviously wifi is going to lose packets way more than a cabled connection, and copper way more than optical. But it should still be essentially zero on a healthy network.

Issue was fixed. Enclosure back plane was bad. A new C7000 had to be purchased and swapped out and it worked right away.

@Dashrender said in Network Tools - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Prof Messer: If you install a digital phone system, not a VOIP phone system, it's likely the phones would be connected to a 66 block like that shown in the video. Exactly what I said. If you install a legacy phone system. Digital phones are from the 1980s, and that's on the public side. Private is even older. Digital is the old tech that has had no purpose since the late 1990s except for shops that are either fooled into buying something without research, or are trying to keep using legacy investments without having updated in roughly two decades.

@mary said in Internet Connection Types - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Prof Messer: I only get 8 to 10 mbs dl and 1.15mb upload. Country living ugh. One of the very few good things about moving to a "big" city (Cleveland, OH really isn't that big anymore). Internet access went from 10/1 to 100/10, and I've got up to 1gB/60mB available.

@scottalanmiller said in Using IP Addresses - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Prof Messer: @connorsoliver said in Using IP Addresses - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Prof Messer: When using an SSL VPN, if the VPN concentrator decrypts the data being sent, wouldn't it be possible for someone to capture the data and also decrypt it? Possible, sure. But very, very hard. The VPN concentrator has the keys, someone intercepting the traffic presumably does not. The point of VPN encryption is to make it so hard to decrypt the data that you don't care if they see it. It's about making something safe enough that we assume we will send it in the open and not worry. So we assume that people capture that data constantly - but we have made it so hard to use, that they can't do it. We more than assume that - we pretty much know the NSA is doing that after the Snowden leaks.

@scottalanmiller said in Assigning IP Addresses - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Prof Messer: @connorsoliver said in Assigning IP Addresses - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Prof Messer: How would you know what what IP dresses were available if you weren't using a DHCP server and you were manually entering the IP address and such? They are supplied to you by whomever you bought them from. There is no situation where there isn't someone providing them to you. Unless he was talking about the LAN side. In that case it is the Network Engineer who decides the scope of the LAN and chooses an appropriate sized CIDR and private IP address to use.

But realistically, if you started working in IT full time today, and did normal small business IT work all the time, you might not interact with IPv6 at all for a few years yet.

@connorsoliver said in Network Services - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Prof Messer: What exactly is bandwidth shaping? I've never herd that term before. That's an uncommon term, we normally say "traffic shaping". But same difference. It's a form of Quality of Service, or related to quality of service, where traffic is monitoring and available performance for different types of traffic is adjusted to make some protocols or tasks perform better than others. For example, with traffic shaping you can make teleconferencing, phone calls, and posting on MangoLassi get the best performance, while streaming Netflix and IHeartRadio get the slow lane. Unlike traditional QoS, it's about "encouraging" patterns rather than enforcing. With normal QoS, phone traffic might get priority, period. But with shaping, it gets more "weight" in the algorithm, but doesn't get a guarantee of always going first.

@connorsoliver said in Cellular Network Technologies - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Prof Messer: Is 5g starting to roll out? I've seen but 5ge but that's not exactly 5g. Absolutely it is. And it is constantly in the news every day now as access to 5G equipment and markets is the core of the US-China trade war going on. We have the users, they have the 5G technology.

@connorsoliver said in Wireless Network Technologies - CompTIA A+ 220-1001 Prof Messer: Why isn't zigbee used for computers? 802.15.4 (aka ZigBee) has a speed of 250 Kb/s which is SO slow. High enough to make two phone calls, but that's it. Not enough to really "do" anything. It's plenty fast to send sensor data or basic instructions, but way too slow for any computer usage. Old 802.11b, the slowest computer wireless tech, was 11Mb/s, which is 44x faster than Zigbee and considered worthless because it is so slow. We want our wireless in the 100Mb/s+ range these days.