@FiyaFly said in Introduction to IP - CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Prof Messer: @scottalanmiller said in Introduction to IP - CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Prof Messer: Humans do tend to get confused a bit on ports. Here are some things why... TCP and UDP have the same port ranges but are different protocols and TCP ports are unrelated to UDP ports. So TCP Port 22 can be doing one thing and UDP port 22 something totally different. Ports under 1024 are traditionally designated by the operating system as protected and require admin level to open. Ports at 1024 or higher can be opened by anyone. But that is an operating system thing, not a networking thing. But important to know. TCP and UDP are not the only protocols and not every situation has a port. ICMP doesn't use TCP or UDP and does not use ports at all, for example. TCP is connection based, UDP is connectionless. So people often get confused with UDP because you can't "open a connection" to see if it is working. Even people with 20 years of experience forget this constantly and fail to troubleshoot. I'll tell you a UDP joke, but I'm not sure you'd get it. Might tell you another UDP joke, but I'm not sure you'd get that either. But then, I'll tell you a TCP joke, and I know you'll get that one. I laughed out loud at my desk and my coworker didnt understand the joke. HA

@mary said in Windows HomeGroups, WorkGroups, and Domains - CompTIA A+ 220-1002 Prof Messer: Is there any alternative to home group now that it isn't available on Windows 10? Also why would you use workgroup instead of Windows Domain? Is it a cost issue? "Home Group" was just a fancy name for network sharing without AD on Windows computers.

@mary said in Windows Control Panel - CompTIA A+ 220-1002 Prof Messer: This may be basic but, can cookies damage your system in anyway? It's one of those things that a lot of sites require you to accept, and an average user just accepts them. So the cookie itself is just a text file. A tiny one. That's it. So the cookie itself does nothing. The issues are if the cookie has something in the text and a browser reads it and does something it shouldn't because of it. But realistically, that's not going to happen. The main concerns around cookies are that they help people to track you, but you need to be tracked. We've been conditioned to thinking that being tracked is a bad thing, but cookies are what lets us track you from post to post here in RoIT for example.

Pretty useful stuff. I played around with some of the commands on my laptop.

@mary said in Windows Task Manager - CompTIA A+ 220-1002 Prof Messer: Do any of you use task manager to troubleshoot what if there is an issue with a PC? I'm trying to get a sense of the steps people go through. Constantly. If working on Windows, it's the "go to" starting point to "see what is going on." It's not a once in a while tool, it's the "might as well just always start there" tool. It gives you a quick glance to see what the system itself is doing. If CPU or RAM is maxed out, or a process list looks crazy, that's almost always what is wrong no matter what it is that you came to look at! I mean if I'm looking for a missing folder of cat pictures, I don't open the task manager first. Nor if I'm installing a new printer. But if I am troubleshooting anything going on with the system, that's the first place to look. The Resource Monitor is also pretty fantastic.

Pretty straightforward.

@scottalanmiller said in Windows Firewall with Advanced Security - CompTIA A+ 220-1002 Prof Messer: @JaredBusch well it's good to be explicit that Windows Defender and Windows Defender Firewall are two different products. But also Windows Firewall isn't a real name, either. Windows Defender Firewall is the name of the Windows firewall. So using "Windows Firewall" or "firewall by Windows Defender" are essentially the same - lose descriptions of the brand name. All make sense. Good to remember that the pieces are discrete. The best full statement is "the Windows firewall is Windows Defender Firewall." True, but until Windows 10, it was simply called Windows Firewall. So that is a correct legacy term. Vista introduced the longer term Windows Firewall with Advanced Security in the MMC snap in. It stayed those two terms until Windows 10.

@mary said in Windows Administrative Tools - CompTIA A+ 220-1002 Prof Messer: Is there a list anywhere of the Windows command prompts, or do you usually look at the help to look at options? I realize the more seasoned IT person would have a lot of these committed to memory, but just starting out this is a bit overwhelming. There seem to be a lot of them to keep track of. Kind of. There are some built in tools to the shell itself, and some standard Windows tools that you can call. but keep in mind that you can add an unlimited number of additional ones, because all you are doing is calling installed applications. So while there are lists of the ones built in, most people have loads and loads of ones that are not.

@mary said in Network Command Line Tools - CompTIA A+ 220-1002 Prof Messer: Is it ok to have any packet loss when pinging another computer? It's not a crime or anything There is always "some" packet loss, but in a healthy network it is super low, like one out of one hundred thousands packets. If you are doing a ping and seeing packets missed regularly, something is wrong. On a wired network, this implies bad equipment, cabling, or EM interference. On wireless it means your signal isn't clean. Obviously wifi is going to lose packets way more than a cabled connection, and copper way more than optical. But it should still be essentially zero on a healthy network.

@mary said in Microsoft Command Line Tools - CompTIA A+ 220-1002 Prof Messer: Can you remote in to restart a PC if it is frozen or are you stuck looking at what the user is? Depends on the tools at your disposal and where "you" are. You can remote in using tools like RDP, but if the user is frozen, likely that won't help. You can remote in using PsExec, PowerShell Remoting or SSH and those will often work if the OS isn't completely frozen. You can use tools like ScreenConnect or MeshCentral, they will allow for remote command execution through local agents. And DevOps tools like SaltStack will issue remote commands similarly. But it all depends on your level of remote access, what has been set up ahead of time, and how frozen things are.